JSS 1 Intermediate Science Flashcards: Meaning and Examples of Ethical Issues in Science and Development

Question 1

What is an ethical issue in science?

Accepted Answer

a question about whether scientific conduct or its effects are right or wrong

Question 2

Respect for life requires a scientist to ____.

Accepted Answer

avoid unnecessary harm to living things

Question 3

Why must scientists record observations honestly?

Accepted Answer

Reliable conclusions depend on accurate evidence.

Question 4

Presenting another person’s scientific work as one’s own is called ____.

Accepted Answer

plagiarism

Question 5

Changing experimental results to support a preferred conclusion is ____.

Accepted Answer

falsification

Question 6

Scientific integrity means acting with ____.

Accepted Answer

honesty and responsibility

Question 7

Before beginning an experiment, risk assessment is used to ____.

Accepted Answer

identify hazards and decide how to control them

Question 8

The correct response after a laboratory accident is to ____.

Accepted Answer

report it immediately and follow emergency procedures

Question 9

Which practice protects privacy in a health study: keeping participants’ personal data confidential, publishing their names, sharing their records publicly, or collecting data without permission?

Accepted Answer

keeping participants’ personal data confidential

Question 10

Informed consent means that a participant ____.

Accepted Answer

understands the study and freely agrees to take part

Question 11

Why should scientists consider local cultures when introducing a technology?

Accepted Answer

The technology may affect communities’ values and ways of life.

Question 12

A new technology is socially just when its benefits and burdens are ____.

Accepted Answer

shared fairly

Question 13

Which decision best shows concern for environmental sustainability: treating factory waste before discharge, dumping chemicals into a river, clearing a forest without replanting, or burning waste openly?

Accepted Answer

treating factory waste before discharge

Question 14

The main purpose of sustainable scientific practice is to ____.

Accepted Answer

meet present needs without destroying future opportunities

Question 15

If a useful invention may also harm a community, scientists should ____.

Accepted Answer

assess both its benefits and possible harms

Question 16

Peer review supports scientific integrity by allowing other experts to ____.

Accepted Answer

examine the methods and evidence

Question 17

Which is NOT ethical scientific conduct: reporting all relevant results, giving proper credit, following safety rules, or inventing missing data?

Accepted Answer

inventing missing data

Question 18

Why should negative experimental results be reported honestly?

Accepted Answer

They are evidence that can guide future research.

Question 19

A scientist who discovers that a product is unsafe should first ____.

Accepted Answer

report the evidence and help prevent harm

Question 20

All of these are ethical concerns in science except the colour of a laboratory wall, safety, fairness, and environmental impact.

Accepted Answer

the colour of a laboratory wall

Strong work.

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