Meaning, Scientific Method and Applications of Chemistry

Question 1

What is the primary definition of Chemistry as a branch of science?

Accepted Answer

The study of matter, its properties, how it changes, and the associated energy

Question 2

According to chemistry, what is the definition of matter?

Accepted Answer

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

When wood burns, it changes into ash and smoke, releasing heat and light. How does chemistry explain this process?

Accepted Answer

As a chemical change involving the transformation of substances and release of energy

Question 4

What is the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A systematic, logical, and flexible framework used to investigate natural phenomena and solve problems

Question 5

What is the first stage of the scientific method, where a scientist notices something unusual and asks a question?

Accepted Answer

Problem Identification (Observation)

Question 6

In the scientific method, what is a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

An educated guess or proposed explanation that can be tested through experimentation

Question 7

During an experiment, which variable does the scientist deliberately manipulate to observe its effect?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable

Question 8

In a controlled experiment, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The variable being observed or measured to see how it responds

Question 9

According to this flowchart of the scientific method, what stage immediately follows Hypothesis Formulation?

Accepted Answer

Experimentation

Question 10

What happens if the analyzed data in an experiment does not support the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis is rejected, and a new hypothesis may be formulated

Question 11

In the simple activity investigating why objects float or sink, what was the refined conclusion regarding why an iron nail sinks while a larger empty plastic bottle floats?

Accepted Answer

Floating depends on how heavy an object is for its size (its density) compared to water

Question 12

How do cleaning agents like soaps and detergents work to remove dirt and kill germs?

Accepted Answer

Through chemical reactions that break down dirt and kill microorganisms

Question 13

Which of the following everyday cooking processes is an example of protein denaturation, a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Frying an egg

Question 14

How does chemistry assist in medical diagnostics, such as blood glucose tests for diabetes?

Accepted Answer

By relying on specific chemical reactions to detect and measure substances in body fluids

Question 15

Which essential nutrients do chemical fertilisers primarily provide to the soil to help crops grow faster?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of using herbicides in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

To protect crops from weeds

Question 17

In the petroleum industry, chemistry is central to refining crude oil into useful products. Which of the following is NOT a direct product of crude oil refining mentioned in the lesson?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic wood

Question 18

Which chemical process is primarily responsible for generating electricity from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas?

Accepted Answer

Combustion

Question 19

Why are chemical processes used in water treatment plants?

Accepted Answer

To purify drinking water by removing impurities and killing harmful microorganisms

Question 20

How do chemists contribute to pollution control in the environment?

Accepted Answer

By developing methods to monitor pollutants and designing technologies to remove harmful substances

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