Types and Functions of Solar Panels for JSS 1

Solar panels

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. discuss the meaning of solar panel;
2. identify the types of solar panels;
3. explain the functions of solar panel.

Meaning of Solar Panel

A solar panel is a device that captures sunlight and converts it into electricity.

Solar panels are also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels. The word “photovoltaic” means “light-electricity”. These panels are made up of many smaller units called solar cells. When sunlight hits these cells, they produce direct current (DC) electricity.

Types of Solar Panels

Solar panels are made in different ways, which gives them different appearances and characteristics. The two main types of solar panels commonly used are monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Monocrystalline solar panels are easily recognised by their uniform dark colour, usually black or dark blue. The individual solar cells in these panels have rounded corners, making them look like a collection of dark, rounded squares.

These panels are made from a single, pure crystal of silicon. This makes them look very smooth and consistent in colour.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline solar panels have a distinct speckled or mosaic-like appearance, often with a blue colour. The individual solar cells in these panels are square-shaped and do not have rounded corners.

These panels are made from multiple silicon crystals melted together. This process gives them their characteristic blue, speckled look, which helps to distinguish them from monocrystalline panels.

Functions of Solar Panel

The primary function of a solar panel is to convert energy from the sun into usable electricity.

This electricity can then be used for many purposes. The main functions of solar panels include:

1. Generating Electricity: Solar panels capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity. This is their most important function.
2. Powering Homes and Businesses: The electricity generated by solar panels can be used to power lights, fans, televisions, refrigerators, and other electrical appliances in homes, schools, and offices.
3. Charging Batteries: Solar panels can charge batteries, which store electricity for use at night or when the sun is not shining. This ensures a continuous power supply.
4. Providing Power in Remote Areas: In places far from the national electricity grid, solar panels are used to provide power for homes, boreholes, communication systems, and small businesses.
5. Reducing Electricity Bills: By generating their own electricity, people can reduce the amount of money they pay for electricity from other sources.