Nigerian Money, Coins and Simple Calculations for Primary 1

Money

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. recognize different denominations of Nigerian coins;
2. add coins to obtain sums not exceeding 25k;
3. calculate change obtainable from 10k or less;
4. trace coins using brown and white papers;
5. identify fractions of Money.

What is Money?

Money is what people use to buy things. It can be in the form of coins or paper notes. In Nigeria, we use Naira and Kobo.

Nigerian Coins

Coins are small, round pieces of metal money. They have different values. In Nigeria, we have different coins.

The common Nigerian coins include:

1. 50 Kobo coin
2. 1 Naira coin
3. 2 Naira coin

There are also smaller kobo coins like 10 Kobo and 5 Kobo, which are important for understanding smaller amounts and calculations.

Each coin has a number on it that shows its value. For example, a 50 Kobo coin has “50 Kobo” written on it.

Adding Coins

Adding coins means putting different coin values together to find a total amount. This helps people know how much money they have or how much something costs.

When adding coins, it is important to count carefully. For Primary 1, sums will not be more than 25 Kobo.

Here are some examples of adding coins:

1. If a person has a 5 Kobo coin and another 5 Kobo coin, how much money does the person have?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   5 \text{ kobo} \\
   + 5 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   10 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   The person has 10 kobo.

2. A child has a 10 Kobo coin and a 5 Kobo coin. How much money does the child have in total?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   10 \text{ kobo} \\
   + 5 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   15 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   The child has 15 kobo.

3. A pencil costs 15 Kobo and an eraser costs 10 Kobo. How much money is needed to buy both?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   15 \text{ kobo} \\
   + 10 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   25 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   25 kobo is needed to buy both items.

Subtracting Coins (Calculating Change)

Subtracting coins helps people find out how much money is left after buying something. This is called calculating change.

When calculating change, the amount paid is usually more than the cost of the item. The change is the money given back.

For Primary 1, change will be calculated from 10 Kobo or less.

Here are some examples of calculating change:

1. A sweet costs 5 Kobo. A child pays with a 10 Kobo coin. How much change will the child get?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   10 \text{ kobo} \\
   – 5 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   5 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   The child will get 5 kobo change.

2. A small biscuit costs 8 Kobo. A person pays with a 10 Kobo coin. How much change should the person receive?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   10 \text{ kobo} \\
   – 8 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   2 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   The person should receive 2 kobo change.

3. A toy car costs 7 Kobo. A child pays with a 10 Kobo coin. What is the change?

   Solution:

   $$
   \begin{array}{r}
   10 \text{ kobo} \\
   – 7 \text{ kobo} \\
   \hline
   3 \text{ kobo}
   \end{array}
   $$

   The change is 3 kobo.

Fractions of Money: Half and One Quarter

Fractions help people understand parts of a whole amount. For money, a fraction means a part of the total money.

Half of an Amount

Half of an amount means dividing the money into two equal parts. Each part is one half.

To find half of an amount, divide the total amount by 2.

Examples:

1. What is half of 10 Kobo?

   Solution:

   $$
   10 \text{ kobo} \div 2 = 5 \text{ kobo}
   $$

   Half of 10 Kobo is 5 Kobo.

2. A child has 20 Kobo. The child gives half of it to a friend. How much money does the friend get?

   Solution:

   $$
   20 \text{ kobo} \div 2 = 10 \text{ kobo}
   $$

   The friend gets 10 Kobo.

One Quarter of an Amount

One quarter of an amount means dividing the money into four equal parts. Each part is one quarter.

To find one quarter of an amount, divide the total amount by 4.

Examples:

1. What is one quarter of 8 Kobo?

   Solution:

   $$
   8 \text{ kobo} \div 4 = 2 \text{ kobo}
   $$

   One quarter of 8 Kobo is 2 Kobo.

2. A person has 20 Kobo. The person spends one quarter of it. How much money is spent?

   Solution:

   $$
   20 \text{ kobo} \div 4 = 5 \text{ kobo}
   $$

   5 Kobo is spent.

Tracing Coins on Paper

Tracing coins is a fun way to learn about their shapes and sizes. It helps people recognise the different coins.

How to Trace Coins

The procedure involves the following steps:

1. Gather the required materials:

   1. Nigerian coins (e.g., 50 Kobo, 1 Naira, 2 Naira)
   2. Brown or white paper
   3. Crayon or pencil
2. Place a coin flat on a hard surface, such as a table.
3. Put a piece of paper over the coin.
4. Hold the paper firmly with one hand so it does not move.
5. With the other hand, use a crayon or pencil to rub gently over the paper where the coin is.
6. Rub carefully until the shape and details of the coin appear on the paper.
7. Lift the paper to see the traced image of the coin.
8. Repeat the steps for other coins to compare their sizes and details.