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Lessons JSS 1 Yoruba Language Sẹ́kọ́ńdìrì Kékeré Ipele 1

Ìtumọ̀ Ewì, Àbùdá àti Kíkọ Ewì Yorùbá for JSS 1

This JSS 1 language lesson focuses on ìtumọ̀ ewì, àbùdá àti kíkọ ewì yorùbá through clear examples and practical communication. Students strengthen relevant vocabulary, comprehension and expression while applying the lesson in reading, speaking or writing.

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Curriculum at a glance Your lesson roadmap Class, subject, theme and the learning goal for this lesson.
Class JSS 1
Subject Yoruba Language
Theme Sẹ́kọ́ńdìrì Kékeré Ipele 1
Topic Àròkọ (Ewì)
Curriculum September 2025
Sequence 4
Learning outcome

Akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ yóò kọ ewì tó jẹmọ́ ẹ̀sin ìbílẹ̀ tàbí ti ìgbàlódé pẹ̀lú èdè Yorùbá

Focal competence

Kíkọ àti kíké ewì tí ó jẹmọ́ ẹ̀sìn ìbílẹ̀ tàbí ẹ̀sìn ìgbàlódé, wọn sì lè ṣe èyí nínú iṣe ojoojúmọ́

ARTICLE CONTENTSOn this page 9 sections

Àròkọ (Ewì)

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. sọ ohun tí ewì jẹ́;
  2. tọ́kasí àwọn àbùdá àdáni ewì Yorùbá;
  3. mẹ́nu ba àwọn ìtọ́sọ́nà lórí kíkọ àti kíké ewì;
  4. kọ tàbí ké ewì lórí àkòrí bí i ìjọsìn tàbí ọdún (ìbílẹ̀ tàbí ti ìgbàlódé).

Kí Ni Ewì? (What is Poetry?)

Ewì jẹ́ ọ̀nà kan pàtó tí àwọn ènìyàn fi máa ń fi èrò, ìmọ̀lára, ìrírí tàbí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ hàn nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí a tò lọ́nà àrà ọ̀tọ̀.

Poetry (Ewì) is a special way people express thoughts, feelings, experiences, or events using words arranged in a unique manner. It is a form of literature that uses language for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to its meaning.

Ewì máa ń lo èdè lọ́nà tí ó jinlẹ̀, tí ó sì máa ń fúnni ní ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ tí ó kún fún ìtumọ̀. Ó lè jẹ́ nípa ìyìn, ìbáwí, ìkìlọ̀, ìtàn, tàbí láti fi ìmọ̀lára hàn.

Ewì uses language in a profound way, delivering messages full of meaning. It can be used for praise, rebuke, warning, storytelling, or to express emotions.

Àwọn Àbùdá Àdáni Ewì Yorùbá (Unique Characteristics of Yoruba Poetry)

Ewì Yorùbá ní àwọn àbùdá kan tí ó jẹ́ tirẹ̀ nìkan, tí ó sì yàtọ̀ sí ewì àwọn èdè mìíràn. Àwọn àbùdá wọ̀nyí ni ó jẹ́ kí ewì Yorùbá ní ìdánimọ̀ tirẹ̀.

Yoruba poetry has certain unique characteristics that distinguish it from poetry in other languages. These features give Yoruba poetry its distinct identity.

Àwọn àbùdá àdáni ewì Yorùbá pẹ̀lú:

  1. Ìlò Èdè Àṣà àti Àmì Ohùn (Use of Figurative Language and Tone Marks): Ewì Yorùbá kún fún òwe, àmì ohùn, àfiwé, àti àwọn gbólóhùn àṣà mìíràn. Àmì ohùn ṣe pàtàkì nínú èdè Yorùbá, ó sì máa ń yí ìtumọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀ padà. Nítorí náà, lílò àmì ohùn tó tọ́ ṣe pàtàkì nínú ewì Yorùbá.
  2. Yoruba poetry is rich in proverbs (òwe), tone marks (àmì ohùn), similes (àfiwé), and other traditional expressions. Tone marks are crucial in the Yoruba language, as they change the meaning of words. Therefore, the correct use of tone marks is essential in Yoruba poetry.

  3. Orin àti Ìlù (Melody and Rhythm): Ewì Yorùbá máa ń ní orin àti ìlù kan pàtó tí ó máa ń mú kí ó dùn láti gbọ́. Kì í ṣe pé ó kàn jẹ́ kíkà lásán, ṣùgbọ́n ó ní ìrísí orin nínú.
  4. Yoruba poetry often has a specific melody and rhythm that makes it pleasant to listen to. It is not just plain reading, but it has a musical quality.

  5. Àtúnyẹ̀wò (Repetition): Ìtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tàbí gbólóhùn jẹ́ àbùdá pàtàkì nínú ewì Yorùbá. Ó máa ń jẹ́ kí ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ náà tẹ̀mọ́ àwọn olùgbọ́ lọ́kàn, ó sì máa ń fi agbára kún ohun tí a fẹ́ sọ.
  6. Repetition of words or phrases is a significant characteristic of Yoruba poetry. It helps the message stick in the minds of the audience and adds emphasis to what is being said.

  7. Ìwàásù tàbí Ìkìlọ̀ (Moral Lessons or Warnings): Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ewì Yorùbá ló máa ń ní ẹ̀kọ́ tàbí ìkìlọ̀ nínú. Wọ́n máa ń kọ́ni nípa ìwà rere, ìtàn, àṣà, àti àwọn ohun tí ó yẹ kí a mọ̀ nípa ìgbésí ayé.
  8. Many Yoruba poems contain moral lessons or warnings. They teach about good character, history, culture, and important life knowledge.

  9. Ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ Tí Ó Jinlẹ̀ (Deep Message Delivery): Ewì Yorùbá máa ń gbé àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ tí ó jinlẹ̀ jáde, tí ó sì máa ń mú kí ènìyàn rò jinlẹ̀. Kì í ṣe pé ó kàn sọ ohun tí ó wà lójú, ṣùgbọ́n ó máa ń wọ inú ọ̀rọ̀ lọ.
  10. Yoruba poetry often conveys deep messages that encourage profound thought. It does not just state obvious facts but delves deeper into the subject matter.

Ìlànà Àgbékalẹ̀ Ewì Yorùbá (Structure of Yoruba Poetry)

Bí a ṣe máa ń gbé ewì Yorùbá kalẹ̀ yàtọ̀ sí ti àwọn èdè mìíràn. Kì í ṣe pé ó ní àwọn ìlà tí ó gbọ́dọ̀ rímù (rhyme) nígbà gbogbo bíi ti ewì Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ṣùgbọ́n ó máa ń tẹ̀lé ìlànà kan tí ó dá lórí ohùn, ìlù, àti ìtumọ̀.

The structure of Yoruba poetry differs from that of other languages. It does not always follow strict rhyming patterns like English poetry, but rather adheres to a structure based on tone, rhythm, and meaning.

Àwọn ìlànà àgbékalẹ̀ ewì Yorùbá tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ni:

  1. Ìlà Ewì (Poetic Lines): Ewì Yorùbá máa ń ní àwọn ìlà kọ̀ọ̀kan tí ó jẹ́ gbólóhùn tàbí àwọn gbólóhùn tí a tò papọ̀. Kì í ṣe pé gbogbo ìlà gbọ́dọ̀ ní iye ọ̀rọ̀ kan náà.
  2. Yoruba poetry consists of individual lines that are sentences or groups of sentences arranged together. Not all lines necessarily have the same number of words.

  3. Ẹsẹ Ewì tàbí Ìpín (Stanzas or Sections): Àwọn ìlà ewì máa ń wà ní àwọn ẹsẹ tàbí ìpín. Ẹsẹ kọ̀ọ̀kan máa ń sọ nípa apá kan nínú ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ ewì náà. Wọ́n máa ń fi àlàfo sí àárín àwọn ẹsẹ láti fi hàn pé ìpín tuntun ti bẹ̀rẹ̀.
  4. Poetic lines are grouped into stanzas or sections. Each stanza usually discusses a particular part of the poem’s message. Spaces are often used between stanzas to indicate the beginning of a new section.

  5. Ìlù àti Ohùn (Rhythm and Tone): Ìlù àti ohùn jẹ́ pàtàkì jùlọ nínú àgbékalẹ̀ ewì Yorùbá. Ọ̀nà tí a gbà pè àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àti bí ohùn ṣe ń gòkè tàbí sọ̀ kalẹ̀ ni ó máa ń fún ewì náà ní ìlù rẹ̀.
  6. Rhythm and tone are paramount in the structure of Yoruba poetry. The way words are pronounced and how the voice rises or falls gives the poem its rhythm.

  7. Àìsí Rímù Tí Ó Fìdí Múlẹ̀ (Absence of Fixed Rhyme Scheme): Kì í ṣe dandan kí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó wà ní òpin ìlà ewì Yorùbá rímù. Ohun tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jù ni ìtumọ̀, ìlù, àti lílò èdè lọ́nà tí ó dára.
  8. It is not mandatory for words at the end of Yoruba poetic lines to rhyme. What is most important is the meaning, rhythm, and effective use of language.

Ìtọ́sọ́nà Lórí Kíkọ Ewì (Guidelines for Writing Poetry)

Kíkọ ewì Yorùbá jẹ́ iṣẹ́ tí ó gbádùn mọ́ni, tí ó sì máa ń fúnni láyè láti fi ẹ̀bùn èdè hàn. Láti kọ ewì tó dára, àwọn ìtọ́sọ́nà wọ̀nyí lè ràn ọ́ lọ́wọ́:

Writing Yoruba poetry is an enjoyable task that allows one to showcase language skills. To write good poetry, these guidelines can help:

  1. Yan Àkòrí Tó Yẹ (Choose a Suitable Topic): Yan àkòrí kan tí ó fẹ́ràn tàbí tí ó ní ìmọ̀ nípa rẹ̀. Àwọn àkòrí bíi ìjọsìn, ọdún ìbílẹ̀, ọdún ìgbàlódé, ìyìn, ìbáwí, tàbí ìkìlọ̀ jẹ́ àwọn àkòrí tí ó wọ́pọ̀.
  2. Choose a topic that is interesting or familiar. Common topics include worship, traditional festivals, modern festivals, praise, rebuke, or warnings.

  3. Kó Àwọn Èrò Jọ (Gather Ideas): Lẹ́yìn tí o bá ti yan àkòrí, kọ gbogbo èrò tí ó bá wá sí ọkàn rẹ sílẹ̀ nípa àkòrí náà. Ronú nípa àwọn ọ̀rọ̀, gbólóhùn, òwe, àti àfiwé tí o lè lò.
  4. After choosing a topic, write down all ideas that come to mind about it. Think about words, phrases, proverbs, and similes that can be used.

  5. Lo Èdè Tó Jinlẹ̀ (Use Rich Language): Lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá tí ó jinlẹ̀, tí ó sì ní ìtumọ̀. Máa lo òwe, àmì ohùn, àti àwọn gbólóhùn àṣà láti mú kí ewì rẹ dùn mọ́ni.
  6. Use profound and meaningful Yoruba words. Incorporate proverbs, tone marks, and traditional expressions to make the poem more engaging.

  7. Fiyè Sí Ohùn àti Ìlù (Pay Attention to Tone and Rhythm): Gbìyànjú láti mú kí ewì rẹ ní ohùn àti ìlù tí ó dára. Kà á jáde léraléra láti rí i dájú pé ó ń ṣàn dáadáa.
  8. Try to give the poem a good tone and rhythm. Read it aloud repeatedly to ensure it flows well.

  9. Pín Ewì Rẹ Sí Ẹsẹ (Divide Your Poem into Stanzas): Pín ewì rẹ sí àwọn ẹsẹ tàbí ìpín láti mú kí ó rọrùn láti kà àti láti lóye. Ẹsẹ kọ̀ọ̀kan lè sọ nípa èrò kan tàbí apá kan nínú ìtàn náà.
  10. Divide the poem into stanzas or sections to make it easier to read and understand. Each stanza can convey a single idea or a part of the story.

  11. Ṣàyẹ̀wò àti Àtúnṣe (Review and Revise): Lẹ́yìn tí o bá ti kọ ewì rẹ tán, kà á dáadáa. Ṣe àtúnṣe àwọn àṣìṣe èdè, àmì ohùn, tàbí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí kò yé. Rí i dájú pé ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ rẹ yé kedere.
  12. After writing the poem, read it carefully. Correct any errors in language, tone marks, or unclear words. Ensure the message is clear.

Ìtọ́sọ́nà Lórí Kíké Ewì (Guidelines for Reciting Poetry)

Kíké ewì jẹ́ ọ̀nà láti mú ewì wá sí ayé, láti jẹ́ kí àwọn olùgbọ́ gbádùn rẹ̀. Láti ké ewì dáadáa, àwọn ìtọ́sọ́nà wọ̀nyí lè ràn ọ́ lọ́wọ́:

Reciting poetry is a way to bring a poem to life and allow the audience to enjoy it. To recite poetry well, these guidelines can help:

  1. Mọ Ewì Náà Dáadáa (Know the Poem Well): Kà ewì náà léraléra títí tí yóò fi tẹ̀ ọ́ lọ́kàn. Mọ ìtumọ̀ gbogbo ọ̀rọ̀ àti gbólóhùn nínú rẹ̀.
  2. Read the poem repeatedly until it is memorised. Understand the meaning of every word and phrase within it.

  3. Pè Àwọn Ọ̀rọ̀ Dáadáa (Pronounce Words Clearly): Rí i dájú pé o pè gbogbo ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá dáadáa, pẹ̀lú àmì ohùn tí ó tọ́. Pípè tí kò tọ́ lè yí ìtumọ̀ padà.
  4. Ensure that all Yoruba words are pronounced correctly, with the appropriate tone marks. Incorrect pronunciation can change the meaning.

  5. Lo Ohùn Tó Yẹ (Use Appropriate Tone): Yí ohùn rẹ padà láti fi hàn bóyá ewì náà jẹ́ ti ìbáwí, ìyìn, ìkìlọ̀, tàbí ìbẹ̀rù. Ohùn rẹ gbọ́dọ̀ bá ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ ewì náà mu.
  6. Vary the voice tone to reflect whether the poem is about rebuke, praise, warning, or fear. The voice should match the poem’s message.

  7. Fi Ìmọ̀lára Hàn (Show Emotion): Fi ìmọ̀lára hàn nígbà tí o bá ń ké ewì. Ṣe bí ẹni pé ìwọ ni o kọ ewì náà, kí o sì fi gbogbo ìmọ̀lára rẹ hàn.
  8. Express emotion when reciting the poem. Act as if the poem was written by you, and convey all your feelings.

  9. Fiyè Sí Ìlù àti Ìyára (Pay Attention to Rhythm and Pace): Ké ewì náà pẹ̀lú ìlù tí ó dára. Máa yí ìyára padà níbi tí ó bá yẹ láti fi agbára kún àwọn apá kan nínú ewì náà.
  10. Recite the poem with a good rhythm. Vary the pace where necessary to add emphasis to certain parts of the poem.

  11. Lo Ìfarahàn Ara (Use Body Language): Lo ìfarahàn ara bíi ìrìn, ìfọwọ́ṣe, àti ojú láti fi agbára kún ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ rẹ.
  12. Use body language such as movement, hand gestures, and facial expressions to enhance the message.

  13. Wo Àwọn Olùgbọ́ Lójú (Make Eye Contact with the Audience): Wo àwọn olùgbọ́ lójú láti mú kí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ewì rẹ.
  14. Make eye contact with the audience to engage them with the poem.

Àpẹẹrẹ Ewì Lórí Ọdún Ìbílẹ̀ (Example of a Poem on a Traditional Festival)

Níhìn-ín ni àpẹẹrẹ ewì kan lórí ọdún ìbílẹ̀, bíi Ọdún Ìṣẹ̀ṣe.

Here is an example of a poem about a traditional festival, like the Ìṣẹ̀ṣe Festival.

Ọdún Ìṣẹ̀ṣe

Ọdún Ìṣẹ̀ṣe, ọdún àṣà,
Ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn bàbá ńlá wa.
Àwọn òrìṣà, àwọn ìwà, àwọn ìtàn,
Gbogbo rẹ̀ wà níbẹ̀, kò sì parun.

(Ìṣẹ̀ṣe Festival, a festival of culture,
The belief of our ancestors.
Deities, characters, stories,
All are there, not perished.)

Àwọn ìyá, àwọn bàbá, àwọn ọmọ,
Gbogbo wọn wọ aṣọ àrà, wọ́n ń yọ̀.
Ìlù ń dún, orin ń kọ, ayọ̀ ń gbòde,
Ẹnu gbogbo ènìyàn kún fún ẹ̀rín.

(Mothers, fathers, children,
All wear beautiful clothes, they rejoice.
Drums beat, songs are sung, joy spreads,
Everyone’s mouth is full of laughter.)

Ẹbọ ni a ń rú, àdúrà ni a ń gbà,
Fún àlàáfíà, fún ọlà, fún àṣeyọrí.
Àwọn àgbàlagbà ń sọ ìtàn àtijọ́,
Àwọn ọmọdé ń kọ́ nípa ìṣẹ̀ṣe.

(Sacrifices are offered, prayers are made,
For peace, for wealth, for success.
Elders tell ancient stories,
Children learn about tradition.)

Ọdún Ìṣẹ̀ṣe, ọdún ìrántí,
Kí àṣà wa má baà parun.
Jẹ́ kí a tọ́jú rẹ̀, jẹ́ kí a gbéraga,
Nítorí pé ó jẹ́ ìdánimọ̀ wa.

(Ìṣẹ̀ṣe Festival, a festival of remembrance,
So that our culture does not perish.
Let us preserve it, let us be proud,
Because it is our identity.)

Ìmọ̀ọ̀ṣe: Kíkọ àti Kíké Ewì (Practical Skill: Writing and Reciting Poetry)

Nísinsìnyí, o ti kọ́ nípa ohun tí ewì jẹ́, àwọn àbùdá rẹ̀, àti bí a ṣe ń kọ tàbí ké e. Ó tó àkókò láti fi ìmọ̀ rẹ sílò.

Now you have learned about what poetry is, its characteristics, and how to write or recite it. It is time to put your knowledge into practice.

Bí O Ṣe Lè Kọ Ewì Tìrẹ (How You Can Write Your Own Poem)

Láti kọ ewì lórí àkòrí bíi ìjọsìn tàbí ọdún (ìbílẹ̀ tàbí ti ìgbàlódé), tẹ̀lé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí:

To write a poem on a topic such as worship or a festival (traditional or modern), follow these steps:

  1. Yan Àkòrí Kan: Yan láàárín “Ìjọsìn” tàbí “Ọdún” (ìbílẹ̀ tàbí ti ìgbàlódé). Fun àpẹẹrẹ, o lè yan “Ọdún Kérésìmesì” (Christmas Festival) tàbí “Ìjọsìn ní Mọ́sálásí” (Worship in the Mosque).
  2. Choose a Topic: Select between “Worship” or “Festival” (traditional or modern). For example, you can choose “Christmas Festival” or “Worship in the Mosque.”

  3. Kọ Àwọn Èrò Rẹ Sílẹ̀: Ronú nípa àwọn ohun tí ó máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò àkòrí tí o yàn. Kọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀, gbólóhùn, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ó wá sí ọkàn rẹ sílẹ̀.
  4. Write Down Your Ideas: Think about what usually happens during the chosen topic. Write down words, phrases, and events that come to mind.

  5. Bẹ̀rẹ̀ Sí Ní Kọ Ewì Náà: Bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìlà àkọ́kọ́, lẹ́yìn náà tẹ̀síwájú láti kọ àwọn ìlà mìíràn. Ranti láti lo èdè Yorùbá tí ó dára, àmì ohùn, àti òwe.
  6. Start Writing the Poem: Begin with the first line, then continue to write other lines. Remember to use good Yoruba language, tone marks, and proverbs.

  7. Pín Ewì Rẹ Sí Ẹsẹ: Pín ewì rẹ sí ẹsẹ méjì tàbí mẹ́ta láti mú kí ó ní ìlànà.
  8. Divide Your Poem into Stanzas: Divide your poem into two or three stanzas to give it structure.

  9. Ṣàyẹ̀wò Ewì Rẹ: Kà ewì rẹ dáadáa, ṣe àtúnṣe àwọn àṣìṣe, kí o sì rí i dájú pé ó ní ìtumọ̀ tí ó yé.
  10. Review Your Poem: Read your poem carefully, correct any errors, and ensure it has a clear meaning.

Bí O Ṣe Lè Ké Ewì Tìrẹ (How You Can Recite Your Own Poem)

Lẹ́yìn tí o bá ti kọ ewì rẹ tán, gbìyànjú láti ké e. Tẹ̀lé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí:

After you have finished writing your poem, try to recite it. Follow these steps:

  1. Kà Ewì Rẹ Léraléra: Kà á títí tí yóò fi tẹ̀ ọ́ lọ́kàn.
  2. Read Your Poem Repeatedly: Read it until you have memorised it.

  3. Ṣe Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Ohùn: Gbìyànjú láti lo ohùn tí ó yẹ fún ewì rẹ. Ṣe ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ pẹ̀lú ohùn gíga àti ohùn ìsàlẹ̀.
  4. Practice Your Voice: Try to use an appropriate voice for your poem. Practice with high and low tones.

  5. Fi Ìmọ̀lára Hàn: Gbìyànjú láti fi ìmọ̀lára hàn nígbà tí o bá ń ké e.
  6. Show Emotion: Try to express emotion when reciting it.

  7. Lo Ìfarahàn Ara: Lo ọwọ́, ojú, àti ara láti fi agbára kún ìfọ̀rọ̀wéránṣẹ́ rẹ.
  8. Use Body Language: Use your hands, eyes, and body to enhance your message.

  9. Ké Ewì Náà Fún Ẹnì Kan: Ké ewì rẹ fún ọ̀rẹ́ tàbí ẹbí rẹ láti gba àbá.
  10. Recite the Poem to Someone: Recite your poem to a friend or family member to get feedback.

Yoruba Language PRACTICE

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Check your understanding of Ìtumọ̀ Ewì, Àbùdá àti Kíkọ Ewì Yorùbá for JSS 1 with a quick, focused quiz and instant feedback.

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KEEP YOUR MOMENTUMNext in Yoruba Language
05of 17
Sẹḱ ọń d́ ir̀ ì Keḱ eré Ipele 1

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