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Lessons JSS 1 Yoruba Language Sẹ́kọ́ńdìrì Kékeré Ipele 1

Ìtumọ̀, Àbùdá àti Ìtúpalẹ̀ Ewì Yorùbá for JSS 1

Students develop understanding of ìtumọ̀, àbùdá àti ìtúpalẹ̀ ewì yorùbá through vocabulary, examples and guided language practice. Reading, speaking, listening or writing activities strengthen comprehension and help learners use the language accurately in meaningful situations.

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Curriculum at a glance Your lesson roadmap Class, subject, theme and the learning goal for this lesson.
Class JSS 1
Subject Yoruba Language
Theme Sẹ́kọ́ńdìrì Kékeré Ipele 1
Topic Ewì Yorùbá: Ìfẹ́ Orílẹ Èdè, Àṣà àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ
Curriculum September 2025
Sequence 13
Learning outcome

Ka ewì Yorùbá, kí wọn sì fa kókó inú ewì tí wọn kà yọ

Focal competence

Kíka ewì Yorùbá kí wọ́n sì le ṣe àmúlò ẹ̀kọ́ inú ewì nínú iṣe ojoojúmọ́

ARTICLE CONTENTSOn this page 6 sections

Ewì Yorùbá: Ìfẹ́ Orílẹ̀ Èdè, Àṣà àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. ṣàlàyé nípa ohun tí ewì jẹ́;
  2. tọ́kasí àbùdá ewì;
  3. ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ ewì (ìlò ọnà èdè, kókó-ọ̀rọ̀, àṣà àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ);
  4. kọ orin ògo orílẹ̀ èdè.

Kí Ni Ewì? (What is Poetry?)

Ewì jẹ́ ọ̀nà ìgbọ́hùn àti ìkọ̀wé tí ó máa ń lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ lọ́nà àrà ọ̀tọ̀ láti fi ẹ̀mí, èrò, àti ìrírí hàn.

Poetry, known as Ewì in Yoruba, is a special way of expressing thoughts, feelings, and experiences through spoken or written words. It uses language in a creative and often rhythmic manner to create a strong impact on the listener or reader. Unlike ordinary speech or prose, poetry often has a musical quality and uses carefully chosen words to paint vivid pictures in the mind.

Yoruba poetry is rich and diverse, reflecting the deep cultural heritage of the Yoruba people. It can be found in various forms, from ancient oral traditions to modern written works.

Àwọn Àbùdá Ewì (Characteristics of Poetry)

Ewì ní àwọn àbùdá kan tí ó máa ń jẹ́ kí ó yàtọ̀ sí àwọn irúfẹ́ ìkọ̀wé mìíràn. Mímọ àwọn àbùdá wọ̀nyí yóò ràn ọ́ lọ́wọ́ láti mọ ewì dáadáa.

Poetry has certain characteristics that make it different from other forms of writing. Knowing these characteristics helps in identifying and understanding poetry better. These characteristics include:

  1. Ìlò Ọ̀nà Èdè (Use of Figures of Speech): Ewì máa ń lo àwọn ọ̀nà èdè bíi ìfiwéra (simile), ìfìṣàpèjúwe (metaphor), àti ìsọdàlè (personification) láti mú kí ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ dùn ún gbọ́, kí ó sì tún ní ìtumọ̀ jíjinlẹ̀. (Poetry often uses figures of speech like simile, metaphor, and personification to make its language more beautiful and to convey deeper meaning.)
  2. Ohùn àti Ìró (Rhythm and Sound): Ewì máa ń ní ohùn àti ìró kan pàtó tí ó máa ń tẹ̀lé ara rẹ̀. Èyí lè jẹ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó rímú (rhyme) tàbí ìlò àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó ní ìró kan náà. (Poetry often has a specific rhythm and sound pattern. This can be achieved through rhyming words or the use of words with similar sounds.)
  3. Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ (Theme): Gbogbo ewì ló máa ń ní kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ kan tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ni èrò pàtàkì tàbí ìfiranṣẹ tí akéwì fẹ́ fi ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ènìyàn. (Every poem has one or more themes. The theme is the main idea or message the poet wants to convey to the audience.)
  4. Ìfihàn Ẹ̀mí àti Èrò (Expression of Feelings and Emotions): Ewì jẹ́ ọ̀nà kan tí akéwì fi máa ń fi ẹ̀mí, èrò, ìbànújẹ́, ayọ̀, ìfẹ́, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ hàn. (Poetry is a way for the poet to express feelings, emotions, sadness, joy, love, and so on.)
  5. Ìkúkú Ọ̀rọ̀ (Conciseness): Ewì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ díẹ̀ láti sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan. Akéwì máa ń yan àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa láti fi sọ ohun tí ó fẹ́ sọ ní ṣókí. (Poetry often uses few words to say many things. The poet carefully selects words to convey their message concisely.)

Ìtúpalẹ̀ Ewì (Analysis of Poetry)

Ìtúpalẹ̀ ewì túmọ̀ sí gbígbìyànjú láti mọ ìtumọ̀ ewì kan, àwọn ọ̀nà tí akéwì gbà kọ ọ́, àti ohun tí ó fẹ́ fi kọ́ni. Láti ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ ewì dáadáa, o ní láti wo àwọn apá kan pàtó nínú ewì náà.

Analysing a poem means trying to understand its meaning, the methods the poet used to write it, and the lesson it aims to teach. To analyse a poem effectively, specific parts of the poem need to be examined.

Ìlò Ọ̀nà Èdè nínú Ewì (Use of Figures of Speech in Poetry)

Àwọn ọ̀nà èdè jẹ́ àwọn ọ̀nà àrà ọ̀tọ̀ tí akéwì máa ń gbà lo èdè láti mú kí ewì rẹ̀ ní agbára àti ìtumọ̀ jíjinlẹ̀. Ní JSS1, a óò wo àwọn díẹ̀ lára wọn:

Figures of speech are special ways poets use language to give their poems power and deeper meaning. In JSS1, a few of them will be examined:

  1. Ìfiwéra (Simile): Èyí ni fífi nǹkan méjì wéra tí wọ́n jọra nípa àbùdá kan, nípa lílo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ‘bí’, ‘gẹ́gẹ́ bí’, ‘dàbí’, ‘tí ó jọ’. (This is comparing two things that are similar in one characteristic, using words like ‘bí’ (like/as), ‘gẹ́gẹ́ bí’ (just like), ‘dàbí’ (looks like), ‘tí ó jọ’ (that resembles).)

    Àpẹẹrẹ (Example):

    Ó yára bí àmọ̀tẹ́kùn. (He is fast like a cheetah.)

  2. Ìfìṣàpèjúwe (Metaphor): Èyí ni fífi nǹkan kan ṣàpèjúwe nǹkan mìíràn láìlo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ‘bí’ tàbí ‘gẹ́gẹ́ bí’. Ó máa ń sọ pé nǹkan kan ni nǹkan mìíràn. (This is describing one thing as another without using words like ‘like’ or ‘as’. It states that one thing is another.)

    Àpẹẹrẹ (Example):

    Ọmọdé náà jẹ́ ìràwọ̀ nínú kíláàsì rẹ̀. (The child is a star in their class.)

  3. Ìsọdàlè (Personification): Èyí ni fífi àbùdá ènìyàn fún ohun tí kì í ṣe ènìyàn, bíi ẹranko tàbí ohun àìlẹ́mìí. (This is giving human characteristics to non-human things, like animals or inanimate objects.)

    Àpẹẹrẹ (Example):

    Oòrùn ń rẹ́rìn-ín sí wa. (The sun is smiling at us.)

Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ Ewì (Theme of Poetry)

Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ni èrò pàtàkì tàbí ìfiranṣẹ tí akéwì fẹ́ fi kọ́ni nínú ewì rẹ̀. Ó lè jẹ́ nípa ìfẹ́, ìgboyà, ìbànújẹ́, ayọ̀, tàbí àwọn nǹkan mìíràn tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ayé.

The theme is the main idea or message that the poet wants to teach in their poem. It can be about love, courage, sadness, joy, or other things that happen in life.

Nínú ewì tí a óò kà ní JSS1, kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ lè jẹ́ nípa:

In the poetry to be read in JSS1, themes can be about:

  1. Ìfẹ́ Orílẹ̀-Èdè (Patriotism): Ewì lè sọ̀rọ̀ nípa ìfẹ́ tí a ní sí orílẹ̀-èdè wa, bí a ṣe gbọ́dọ̀ bọ̀wọ̀ fún un, àti bí a ṣe gbọ́dọ̀ ṣiṣẹ́ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀. (Poetry can talk about the love for one’s country, how it should be respected, and how people should work for its development.)
  2. Àṣà Yorùbá (Yoruba Culture): Ewì lè ṣàlàyé nípa àṣà àti ìṣe Yorùbá, bíi ìgbéyàwó, ìsìn, orin, ijó, àti àwọn àríyá mìíràn. (Poetry can explain Yoruba culture and traditions, such as marriage, worship, songs, dances, and other festivities.)

Àṣà nínú Ewì (Culture in Poetry)

Àṣà jẹ́ gbogbo ohun tí ó jẹ mọ́ ìgbésí ayé àwọn ènìyàn kan, bíi èdè wọn, aṣọ wọn, oúnjẹ wọn, orin wọn, ijó wọn, àti ìgbàgbọ́ wọn. Ewì Yorùbá máa ń fi àṣà hàn lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀.

Culture refers to everything related to the way of life of a group of people, such as their language, clothing, food, songs, dances, and beliefs. Yoruba poetry often reflects culture extensively.

Nígbà tí a bá ń ka ewì Yorùbá, a lè rí àwọn nǹkan bíi:

When reading Yoruba poetry, things like the following might be seen:

  1. Ìtàn àti Àlọ́ (History and Folktales): Ewì lè sọ ìtàn àwọn baba ńlá tàbí àwọn àlọ́ ìgbàanì. (Poetry can tell stories of ancestors or ancient folktales.)
  2. Orúkọ Ìbílẹ̀ (Traditional Names): Lílò àwọn orúkọ tí ó ní ìtumọ̀ àṣà. (Use of names with cultural significance.)
  3. Àwọn Ìgbàgbọ́ (Beliefs): Ìtọ́kasí sí àwọn ìgbàgbọ́ àti àwọn òrìṣà Yorùbá. (References to Yoruba beliefs and deities.)
  4. Àwọn Òwe àti Àmọ̀ràn (Proverbs and Wise Sayings): Lílò àwọn òwe tí ó fi ọgbọ́n àwọn Yorùbá hàn. (Use of proverbs that show the wisdom of the Yoruba people.)

Àpẹẹrẹ Ewì fún Ìtúpalẹ̀ (Example Poem for Analysis)

Jẹ́ ká wo ewì kékeré kan nípa orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, kí a sì ṣe ìtúpalẹ̀ rẹ̀.

Let’s look at a short poem about Nigeria and analyse it.

Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà

Nàìjíríà, orílẹ̀-èdè mi,

Ilẹ̀ aláyọ̀, ilẹ̀ ìbùkún.

Àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀, bí ìràwọ̀,

Tí ń tàn yòò ní gbogbo ibi.

Àṣà rẹ̀ lẹ́wà, ó sì gbòòrò,

Láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn dé ìlà oòrùn.

Jẹ́ ká fẹ́ràn rẹ̀, ká sì bọ̀wọ̀ fún un,

Ká sì jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí i títí láé.

Ìtúpalẹ̀ Ewì Náà (Analysis of the Poem):

  1. Ìlò Ọ̀nà Èdè (Use of Figures of Speech):

    Nínú ewì yìí, a rí ìfiwéra kan:

    “Àwọn ènìyàn rẹ̀, bí ìràwọ̀“ (Its people, like stars).

    Èyí fi àwọn ènìyàn Nàìjíríà wéra pẹ̀lú ìràwọ̀, láti fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìmọ́lẹ̀, wọ́n sì ṣe pàtàkì.

    This compares the people of Nigeria to stars, to show that they are bright and important.

  2. Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ (Theme):

    Kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ewì yìí ni Ìfẹ́ Orílẹ̀-Èdè (Patriotism). Ó ń sọ nípa bí a ṣe gbọ́dọ̀ fẹ́ràn Nàìjíríà, ká bọ̀wọ̀ fún un, ká sì jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí i.

    The theme of this poem is Patriotism. It talks about how Nigeria should be loved, respected, and how people should be loyal to it.

  3. Àṣà (Culture):

    Ewì náà tọ́kasí àṣà nígbà tí ó sọ pé: “Àṣà rẹ̀ lẹ́wà, ó sì gbòòrò.” Èyí fi hàn pé Nàìjíríà ní àṣà oríṣiríṣi tí ó lẹ́wà láti apá kan orílẹ̀-èdè náà sí òmíràn.

    The poem refers to culture when it says: “Its culture is beautiful and vast.” This shows that Nigeria has various beautiful cultures from one part of the country to another.

Kíkọ Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà (Writing the Nigerian National Anthem)

Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà jẹ́ ewì pàtàkì kan tí ó fi ìfẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè hàn. Gbogbo akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gbọ́dọ̀ mọ orin yìí, wọ́n sì gbọ́dọ̀ lè kọ ọ́ sílẹ̀ dáadáa.

The Nigerian National Anthem is an important poem that expresses patriotism. Every student must know this anthem and be able to write it down correctly.

Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà ní èdè Yorùbá ni èyí:

The Nigerian National Anthem in Yoruba is as follows:

Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà

  1. Dide eyin ará,

    Wá jẹ́ pé orílẹ̀-èdè wa,

    Nàìjíríà, ilẹ̀ wa,

    Láti sin ín pẹ̀lú gbogbo agbára wa.

    Pẹ̀lú ọkàn kan àti ìfẹ́ kan,

    Láti sin orílẹ̀-èdè wa.

    Ìgboyà àti ìgbàgbọ́,

    Láti sin orílẹ̀-èdè wa.
  2. Ọlọ́run, Olúwa gbogbo wa,

    Fún wa ní ọgbọ́n àti òye,

    Láti kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè wa,

    Láti jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí i.

    Láti sin orílẹ̀-èdè wa,

    Pẹ̀lú gbogbo agbára wa,

    Láti jẹ́ olóòótọ́ sí i,

    Láti sin orílẹ̀-èdè wa.

Bí O Ṣe Lè Kọ Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà (How to Write the Nigerian National Anthem)

Láti kọ Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀ dáadáa, tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí:

To write the Nigerian National Anthem correctly, follow these guidelines:

  1. Kà Á Dáadáa (Read it Carefully): Kà orin náà dáadáa láti mọ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ àti bí wọ́n ṣe tò lọ́nà. (Read the anthem carefully to know its words and their arrangement.)
  2. Mọ Àwọn Ìlà Rẹ̀ (Know its Stanzas): Orin Ògo Orílẹ̀-Èdè Nàìjíríà ní ìlà méjì (stanzas). Kọ ìlà kọ̀ọ̀kan lẹ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀. (The Nigerian National Anthem has two stanzas. Write each stanza separately.)
  3. Ṣe Àfiyèsí Àmì Ìdánudúró (Pay Attention to Punctuation): Ríi dájú pé o lo àmì ìdánudúró tó tọ́ (bíi àmì ìdánudúró, àmì ìbéèrè, àti àmì ìyanu) níbi tí ó bá yẹ. (Ensure that correct punctuation marks (like full stops, question marks, and exclamation marks) are used where appropriate.)
  4. Ṣe Àfiyèsí Àwọn Àmì Ohùn (Pay Attention to Tone Marks): Ní èdè Yorùbá, àmì ohùn ṣe pàtàkì. Ríi dájú pé o kọ àwọn àmì ohùn tó tọ́ sí orí àwọn fáwẹ́lì. (In Yoruba language, tone marks are important. Ensure that correct tone marks are written on the vowels.)
  5. Ṣe Àtúnyẹ̀wò (Review): Lẹ́yìn tí o bá ti kọ ọ́ tán, tún kà á láti ríi dájú pé kò sí àṣìṣe kankan nínú ìkọ̀wé rẹ. (After writing it, read it again to ensure there are no errors in the writing.)
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